(ENEM 2018) - QUESTÃO

1984 (excerpt)

'Is it your opinion, Winston, that the past has real existence?' [...]

O'Brien smiled faintly. 'I will put it more precisely. Does the past exist

concretely, in space? Is there somewhere or other a place, a world of solid

objects, where the past is still happening?'

'No.'

'Then where does the past exist, if at all?'

'In records. It is written down.'

'In records. And –– ––?'

'In the mind. In human memories.'

'In memory. Very well, then. We, the Party, control all records, and

we control all memories. Then we control the past, do we not?'

ORWELL. G. Nineteen Eighty-Four. New York: Signet Classics, 1977.

O romance 1984 descreve os perigos de um Estado totalitário. A ideia evidenciada nessa passagem é que o controle do Estado se dá por meio do(a) 

a) boicote a ideais libertários. 

b) veto ao culto das tradições. 

c) poder sobre memórias e registros. 

d) censura a produções orais e escritas. 

e) manipulação de pensamentos individuais. 

(ENEM 2018) - QUESTÃO

Don't write in English, they said,

English is not your mother tongue...

...The language I speak

Becomes mine, its distortions, its queerness

All mine, mine alone, it is half English, half

Indian, funny perhaps, but it is honest,

It is as human as I am human...

...It voices my joys, my longings my

Hopes...

(Kamala Das, 1965:10)

GARGESH. R. South Asian Englishes. In: KACHRU. B. B.; KACHRU. Y.; NELSON,

C. L. (Eds). The Handbook of World Englishes. Singapore: Blackwell. 2006. 

A poetisa Kamala Das, como muitos escritores indianos, escreve suas obras em inglês, apesar de essa não ser sua primeira língua. Nesses versos, ela 

a) usa a língua inglesa com efeito humorístico. 

b) recorre a vozes de vários escritores ingleses. 

c) adverte sobre o uso distorcido da língua inglesa. 

d) demonstra consciência de sua identidade linguística. 

e) reconhece a incompreensão na sua maneira de falar inglês. 

(ENEM 2018) - QUESTÃO

Lava Mae: Creating Showers on Wheels for the Homeless

San Francisco, according to recent city numbers, has 4,300 people

living on the streets. Among the many problems the homeless face is

little or no access to showers. San Francisco only has about 16 to 20

shower stalls to accommodate them.

But Doniece Sandoval has made it her mission to change that. The

51-year-old former marketing executive started Lava Mae, a sort of

showers on wheels, a new project that aims to turn decommissioned

city buses into shower stations for the homeless. Each bus will have

two shower stations and Sandoval expects that they'll be able to

provide 2,000 showers a week.

ANDREANO, C. Disponível em: http://abcnews.go.com.

Acesso em: 26 jun. 2015 (adaptado). 

A relação dos vocábulos shower, bus e homeless, no texto, refere-se a 

a) empregar moradores de rua em lava a jatos para ônibus. 

b) criar acesso a banhos gratuitos para moradores de rua. 

c) comissionar sem-teto para dirigir os ônibus da cidade. 

d) exigir das autoridades que os ônibus municipais tenham banheiros. 

e) abrigar dois mil moradores de rua em ônibus que foram adaptados.

(ENEM 2018) - QUESTÃO

No cartum, a crítica está no fato de a sociedade exigir do adolescente que 

a) se aposente prematuramente. 

b) amadureça precocemente. 

c) estude aplicadamente. 

d) se forme rapidamente. 

e) ouça atentamente.

(ENEM 2017) - QUESTÃO

Israel Travel Guide 

Israel has always been a standout destination. From the days of prophets to the modern day nomad this tiny slice of land on the eastern Mediteranean has long attracted visitors. While some arrive in the ‘Holy Land’ on a spiritual quest, many others are on cultural tours, beach holidays and eco-tourism trips. Weeding through Israel’s convoluted history is both exhilarating and exhausting. There are crumbling temples, ruined cities, abandoned forts and hundreds of places associated with the Bible. And while a sense of adventure is required, most sites are safe and easily accessible. Most of all, Israel is about its incredible diverse population. Jews come from all over the world to live here, while about 20% of the population is Muslim. Politics are hard to get away from in Israel as everyone has an opinion on how to move the country forward – with a ready ear you’re sure to hear opinions from every side of the political spectrum. 

Disponível em: www.worldtravelguide.net. Acesso em: 15 jun. 2012.

Antes de viajar, turistas geralmente buscam informações sobre o local para onde pretendem ir. O trecho do guia de viagens de Israel.

a) descreve a história desse local para que turistas valorizem seus costumes milenares. 

b) informa hábitos religiosos para auxiliar turistas a entenderem as diferenças culturais. 

c) divulga os principais pontos turísticos para ajudar turistas a planejarem sua viagem. 

d) recomenda medidas de segurança para alertar turistas sobre possíveis riscos locais. 

e) apresenta aspectos gerais da cultura do país para continuar a atrair turistas estrangeiros.

                                                                                                                             Resposta: E

(ENEM 2017) - QUESTÃO

Children and Guns 

Published: May 7, 2013 

To the Editor: Re “Girl’s Death by Gunshot Is Rejected as Symbol” (new article, May 6):

I find it abhorrent that the people of Burkesville, Ky., are not willing to learn a lesson from the tragic shooting of a 2-year-old girl by her 5-year-old brother. I am not judging their lifestyle of introducing guns to children at a young age, but I do feel that it’s irresponsible not to practice basic safety with anything potentially lethal – guns, knives, fire and so on. How can anyone justify leaving guns lying around, unlocked and possibly loaded, in a home with two young children? I wish the family of the victim comfort during this difficult time, but to dismiss this as a simple accident leaves open the potential for many more such “accidents” to occur. I hope this doesn’t have to happen several more times for legislators to realize that something needs to be changed. 

Emily Loubaton 

Brooklyn, May 6, 2013 

Disponível em: www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 10 maio 2013.

No que diz respeito à tragédia ocorrida em Burkesville, a autora da carta enviada ao The New York Times busca 

a) reconhecer o acidente noticiado como um fato isolado. 

b) responsabilizar o irmão da vítima pelo incidente ocorrido. 

c) apresentar versão diferente da notícia publicada pelo jornal. 

d) expor sua indignação com a negligência de portadores de armas. 

e) reforçar a necessidade de proibição do uso de armas por crianças.

                                                                                                                             Resposta: D

(ENEM 2017) - QUESTÃO

British Government to Recruit Teens as Next Generation of Spies

ln the 50 years since the first James Bond movie created a lasting impression of a British secret agent, a completely different character is about to emerge. Britain’s intelligence agencies are to recruit their next generation of cyber spies by harnessing the talents of the “Xbox generation”. In an expansion of a pilot program, Foreign Secretary William Hague announced Thursday that up to 100 18- year-olds will be given the chance to train for a career in Britain’s secret services. The move to recruit schoolleavers marks a break with the past, when agencies mainly drew their staff from among university graduates. “Young people are the key to our country’s future success, just as they were during the war”, Hague said. “Today we are not at war, but I see evidence every day of deliberate, organized attacks against intellectual property and government networks in the United Kingdom.” The new recruitment program, called the Single Intelligence Account apprenticeship scheme will enable students with suitable qualifications in science, technology or engineering, to spend two years learning about communications, security and engineering through formal education, technical training and work placements. 

Jeary, P. Disponível em: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2012.

Segundo informações veiculadas pelo NBC News, a geração digital já tem seu espaço conquistado nas agências britânicas de inteligência. O governo britânico decidiu que 

a) enfrentará a guerra vigente e deliberada contra a propriedade intelectual no Reino Unido. 

b) abandonará a política de contratação de universitários como agentes secretos. 

c) recrutará jovens jogadores de Xbox como ciberespiões das agências de inteligência. 

d) implantará um esquema de capacitação de adolescentes para atuarem como agentes secretos. 

e) anunciará os nomes dos jovens a serem contratados.

                                                                                                                             Resposta: D

(ENEM 2017) - QUESTÃO

One of the things ‘that made an incredible impression on me in the film was Frida’s comfort in and celebration of her own unique beauty. She didn’t try to fit into conventional ideas or images about womanhood or what makes someone or something beautiful. Instead, she fully inhabited her own unique gifts, not particularly caring what other people thought. She was magnetic and beautiful in her own right. She painted for years, not to be a commercial success or to be discovered, but to express her own inner pain, joy, family, love and culture. She absolutely and resolutely was who she was. The trueness of her own unique vision and her ability to stand firmly in her own truth was what made her successful in the end. 

HUTZLER, L. Disponivel em: www.etbscreenwriting.com. Acesso em: 6 maio 2013.  

A autora desse comentário sobre o filme Frida mostra-se impressionada com o fato de a pintora 

a) ter uma aparência exótica. 

b) vender bem a sua imagem. 

c) ter grande poder de sedução. 

d) assumir sua beleza singular. 

e) recriar-se por meio da pintura. 

                                                                                                                             Resposta: D

(ENEM 2016) - QUESTÃO

BOGOF is used as a noun as in 'There are some great bogofs on at the supermarket' or an adjective, usually with a word such as 'offer’ or 'deal’ — 'there are some great bogof offers in store'.

When you combine the first letters of the words in a phrase or the name of an organisation, you have an acronym. Acronyms are spoken as a word so NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) is not pronounced N-A-T-O. We say NATO. Bogof, when said out loud, is quite comical for a native speaker, as it sounds like an insult, 'Bog off!’ meaning go away, leave me alone, slightly childish and a little old-fashioned.

BOGOF is the best-known of the supermarket marketing strategies. The concept was first imported from the USA during the 1970s recession, when food prices were very high. It came back into fashion in the late 1990s, led by big supermarket chains trying to gain a competitive advantage over each other. Consumers were attracted by the idea that they could get something for nothing. Who could possibly say 'no’?

Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 2 ago. 2012 (adaptado).

Considerando-se as informações do texto, a expressão “bogof” é usada para 

a) anunciar mercadorias em promoção. 

b) pedir para uma pessoa se retirar. 

c) comprar produtos fora de moda. 

d) indicar recessão na economia.

e) chamar alguém em voz alta.

                                                                                                                             Resposta: A

(ENEM 2016) - QUESTÃO

Frankentissue: printable cell technology

In November, researchers from the University of Wollongong in Australia announced a new bio-ink that is a step toward really printing living human tissue on an inkjet printer. It is like printing tissue dot-by-dot. A drop of bioink contains 10,000 to 30,000 cells. The focus of much of this research is the eventual production of tailored tissues suitable for surgery, like living Band-Aids, which could be printed on the inkjet.

 However, it is still nearly impossible to effectively replicate nature’s ingenious patterns on a home office accessory. Consider that the liver is a series of globules, the kidney a set of pyramids. Those kinds of structures demand 3D printers that can build them up, layer by layer. At the moment, skin and other flat tissues are most promising for the inkjet.

Disponível em: http://discovermagazine.com. Acesso em: 2 dez. 2012.

O texto relata perspectivas no campo da tecnologia para cirurgias em geral, e a mais promissora para este momento enfoca o(a) 

a) uso de um produto natural com milhares de células para reparar tecidos humanos. 

b) criação de uma impressora especial para traçar mapas cirúrgicos detalhados. 

c) desenvolvimento de uma tinta para produzir pele e tecidos humanos finos. 

d) reprodução de células em 3D para ajudar nas cirurgias de recuperação dos rins. 

e) extração de glóbulos do fígado para serem reproduzidos em laboratório.

                                                                                                                             Resposta: C

(ENEM 2016) - QUESTÃO

Italian university switches to English

By Sean Coughlan, BBC News education correspondent 16 May 2012 Last updated at 09:49 GMT

Milan is crowded with Italian icons, which makes it even more of a cultural earthquake that one of Italy's leading universities — the Politecnico di Milano — is going to switch to the English language. The university has announced that from 2014 most of its degree courses — including all its graduate courses — will be taught and assessed entirely in English rather than Italian.

The waters of globalisation are rising around higher education — and the university believes that if it remains Italian-speaking it risks isolation and will be unable to compete as an international institution. “We strongly believe our classes should be international classes — and the only way to have international classes is to use the English language”, says the university’s rector, Giovanni Azzone.

COUGHLAN, S. Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2012.

As línguas têm um papel importante na comunicação entre pessoas de diferentes culturas. Diante do movimento de internacionalização no ensino superior, a universidade Politecnico di Milano decidiu 

a) elaborar exames em língua inglesa para o ingresso na universidade. 

b) ampliar a oferta de vagas na graduação para alunos estrangeiros. 

c) investir na divulgação da universidade no mercado internacional.

d) substituir a língua nacional para se inserir no contexto da globalização. 

e) estabelecer metas para melhorar a qualidade do ensino de italiano.

                                                                                                                             Resposta: D

(ENEM 2016) - QUESTÃO

Ebony and ivory

Ebony and ivory live together in perfect harmony

Side by side on my piano keyboard, oh Lord, why don't we?

We all know that people are the same wherever we go

There is good and bad in ev'ryone,

We learn to live, we learn to give

Each other what we need to survive together alive

McCARTNEY, P Disponível em: www.paulmccartney.com. Acesso em: 30 maio 2016.

Em diferentes épocas e lugares, compositores têm utilizado seu espaço de produção musical para expressar e problematizar perspectivas de mundo. Paul McCartney, na letra dessa canção, defende 

a) o aprendizado compartilhado. 

b) a necessidade de donativos. 

c) as manifestações culturais. 

d) o bem em relação ao mal. 

e) o respeito étnico.

                                                                                                                             Resposta: E